The Coriolis Illusion can occur if a pilot tilts his or her head forwards or backwards while the plane is turning. This can happen if you tilt your head down to look at a chart, or tilt it up to look at an overhead switch, or tilt it sideways. Note: The vestibular system can be negatively affected by sinus infections, colds, and flu. Take advantage of the many training opportunities to learn more about spatial disorientation. Courses are offered through the Civil Airspace Medical Institute. Physical demonstrators can give you the experience of vestibular and visual illusions in a safe, ground-based environment.
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The FAASafety. It is based on the premise that pilots who maintain currency and proficiency in the basics of flight will enjoy a safer and more stress-free flying experience. The General Aviation Joint Steering Committee GAJSC is comprised of government and industry experts who work together to use data to identify risk, pinpoint trends through root cause analysis, and develop safety strategies to reduce the risk of accidents in GA.
The other federal agencies are the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Transportation Safety Board , which participates as an observer. The European Aviation Safety Agency also participates as an observer. Sources: FAA. What is Loss of Control? Intentional failure to comply with regulations, Failure to maintain airspeed, Failure to follow procedure, Pilot inexperience and proficiency Use of prescription, over-the-counter, or illegal drugs or alcohol.
Current Topic: Between 5 and 10 percent of all general aviation accidents can be attributed to spatial disorientation. What is spatial disorientation? Knowledge is Safety The inner ear contains the vestibular system, which is also known as the organ of equilibrium. Here are some examples: The Graveyard Spin happens when the pilot enters into a spin and becomes confused because sensory cues make it feel as though the plane is turning one way, but the instruments indicate the opposite, creating a conflict.
Use instruments when flying at night or in reduced visibility. Maintain night-flight currency. Include cross-country and local operations at different airports. If you experience the illusion of spatial disorientation during flight, trust your instruments! Tips for pilots Take advantage of the many training opportunities to learn more about spatial disorientation. Did you know?
Last year, people died in general aviation accidents. Loss of Control is the number one cause of these accidents. Accessibility of the accident site, environmental conditions, and arrangements for local travel to the site when appropriate.
Arrangements for autopsies and toxicological tests. The local coroner should be contacted to assure that the flight crew's bodies have not and shall not be embalmed until the regional flight surgeon has been consulted. Request specific assistance, documents, or data when preliminary indications justify such requests. Organizing the Investigation.
Organizing the investigation is a dynamic process which begins with the initial notification and continues throughout the investigation. Before or following the accident site familiarization visit, the IIC should hold an organizational meeting. The organizational meeting for delegated aviation accidents may be nothing more than an informal conversation involving two or more of the following: FAA IIC and FAA participants, or representatives of the operator, owner, or manufacturer.
The purpose for the organizational meeting is to define briefly the investigation responsibilities, procedures, and objectives, and the participants in the investigation are apprised of what is expected of them as a party to the investigation.
The office or unit supervisor will usually determine which inspectors from each required specialty will participate in the investigation. Office Coordination. The appointed office coordinator should give local authorities the name of the IIC and his or her expected time of arrival. Before departing, the IIC should designate an initial contact point where messages can be sent during the transient status.
For an off-airport accident, if the mobile phone is not available, the law enforcement agency Sheriff, State Highway Patrol, or Police Chief in whose jurisdiction the accident occurred can be used as the point of contact; for an accident occurring on an airport, the airport manager's have their own investigating and reporting responsibilities and should be contacted.
By the time the IIC arrives, a considerable amount of essential information, including written reports that should be reviewed for possible inclusion in the accident report, may be available.
Furthermore, when special arrangements have to be made to reach a remote accident site it may be the sheriff's office that will play a leading role. The more difficult the conditions at an accident site, the more essential and mutually beneficial the cooperation between local officials and the IIC becomes.
Response to an Accident. Time, location, weather, transportation, and type of accident may dictate whether the IIC will proceed immediately to the site or wait until weather or proper coordination has been completed. Investigation Equipment. The diversity of aircraft accidents makes it difficult to have all the necessary equipment available. Certain items commonly used in every investigation should be kept in readiness. Proper clothing should be the first consideration; good serviceable clothing capable of withstanding rough usage is recommended e.
Selection should be based on the climate likely to be encountered. Heavy duty, waterproof footwear is a must. Each office must develop their own requirements.
Accidents occurring in remote areas require special consideration for shelter, food, and water. Since the investigator's kit has to be carried, it is recommended that it not be overloaded with unnecessary or duplicate items. Keep in mind that many improvisations can be made in the field. Also, most participants in the investigation law enforcement, aircraft and engine manufacturer representatives, etc. For example, most fire departments or rescue squads have specialized saws, jack, and pumps that can be used.
The following items are commonly used by the investigator in most investigations:. Type of Accident. Type of accident refers to the immediate circumstances of the accident, not its causes. Examples of types of accidents:. Safety at the Accident Site. An area of vital importance often overlooked or not considered during the investigation is safe investigation practices and common sense safety precautions.
The quality of the investigation is best served by an awareness of the need for fitness, mentally as well as physically, until the job is done. The moment the IIC takes custody of the wreckage the IIC becomes responsible for the safety of any participants as well as bystanders at the site. Bystander safety can be resolved by roping off all critical areas and having security guards control access to the site.
With regard to the safety of all participants with a task at the site, the IIC's planning should include the following considerations:. The use of hardhats when working inside or under the wreckage is strongly recommended. Agricultural accidents may require coordination with state or national poison control centers. Adjust workload to the circumstances. When practicable, use a communication system to stay in contact with individuals in isolated areas.
Coordination between crew and passengers is a must; the planning for serious emergencies should include the availability of a second helicopter for rescue purposes. Be aware of helicopters rotorwash which could disturb the wreckage site. Wreckage Preservation. To the extent possible, the IIC should ensure that the wreckage site is not disturbed anymore than absolutely necessary. Removal of survivors and victims, fire fighting, removal of hazard materials, removal of wreckage for property or public protection etc.
These comments are offered to forewarn the IIC about the complexities he or she may encounter when faced with the investigation of a catastrophic accident.
Helicopter Wreckage Considerations. Although the managerial concepts remain the same, the IIC should be aware that the investigation of a catastrophic helicopter accident may present problems that will not likely be encountered in a fixed wing accident investigation.
Some of the helicopter characteristics that can complicate the IIC's task at the site are:. The interdependence of these rotating systems may obscure the search for a failure sequence, especially when the IIC is not thoroughly familiar with helicopter engineering and aerodynamics.
For example: separation of the tail rotor gear box can be the result as well as the cause of an in-flight breakup. In a severe vertical impact, the proximity of ignition sources and combustibles e. Even a minor occurrence such as the loss of a seat cushion or flight jacket through an open door or window can have disastrous consequences when it affects a rotating component.
Progress Reports. An initial telephone progress report shall be made by the FAA IIC to AAI- through the Washington Headquarters Operations Center WOC as soon as possible after arrival at the accident location to report all available information concerning accidents of a catastrophic nature, those having a strong public interest impact, and nationally newsworthy occurrence or on request from AAI- These calls can be initiated by use of a hand held transceiver, if available.
Analysis Considerations. During the documentation investigation process, certain evidence requires more detailed examination. The IIC is continually evaluating evidence as a possible contributing factor or accident cause. Some suggestions are included here in hope of stimulating the IIC's analytical process:. NTSB probable cause statistics indicate that a large percentage of aircraft accidents are caused by the human element. Presuming this statistic reliable indicates that IIC's must go beyond the mechanical and into the psychological cause of accidents if any meaningful accident prevention recommendations are to be made.
The following is a partial list of psychological areas of consideration:. Aircraft Accident Report Package. Within 30 working days after an investigation, delegated to the faa by the ntsb, has been completed or soon as possible thereafter, the FAA IIC should submit a signed original report which contains the facts, conditions, and circumstances disclosed by the investigation.
The investigation completion date should include the conduct of any post-field investigative activity. A copy of the faa iic's report when accompanied by additional faa administrative data described in Order Accident Reports. Accident prevention is based on data contained in the accident reports; logically, then, accident prevention can be only as effective as the report is adequate.
Unfortunately, the accident report often proves to be the weak link in the accident prevention chain. Therefore the IIC should take special care in the wording of the report as well as the gathering of information to complete that report.
During investigations conducted by the NTSB or the military, if an FAA participant does not concur with the report, the participant informs the group chairman the reasons for non- concurrence in writing. Follow-up Activities. Even when the wreckage examination reveals a probable mechanical reason for the accident e. Finding the missing piece of the puzzle may give great satisfaction to the IIC in that it tends to neatly wrap up the on-site activities. However, the IIC's investigation cannot serve its accident prevention purpose unless the iic identifies the characteristics of the conditions which contributed to the accident.
The pursuit of this critical task sometimes requires more time and tenacity than the work at the accident site. Some of the typical activities after completion of the on-site investigation are:. Simulator or actual flight tests may be required. The pilot's physical and mental performance capability at the time of the accident should be explored to the extent dictated by the circumstances of the accident.
Obtain final transcripts of all recorded communications and reconstruct the flight track as appropriate. Downgrading an Accident to an Incident. Initial Notification Error! Bookmark not defined.
Use Job Aids to record the initial accident information. Figures and Upon arrival at the accident site, present FAA identification to person in charge of site security. Inform this person that the FAA now accepts responsibility for the conduct of the investigation.
Preliminary Investigation Error! If the accident site has not been secured, take the appropriate steps necessary to secure the accident site.
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